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Cactus Verzorging
April 13, 2024 Peter van Dijk

Cactus Care

Cacti, native to Africa, Central and South America, range from high, cold mountains to the tropical Caribbean. With hundreds of known species, most are characterized by sharp spines and belong to the family Cactaceae. Although cacti are succulents, not all succulents belong to the cactus family. Many cacti are popular as houseplants because of their easy care. They require little water and do not have high demands regarding light intensity. The tips below will help you to take good care of your cactus.


Watering a cactus

Cacti are very low-maintenance and require minimal care. Water them once every two weeks in spring and summer, and reduce watering to once a month in autumn and winter. It is important to ensure that the potting soil dries out completely between waterings to prevent root rot. Place them in well-draining cactus soil and ensure the pot has drainage holes.

How often to water a cactus?

Cacti are very low-maintenance and require minimal watering. Water them once every two weeks in spring and summer, when they are in their growing season. In autumn and winter, when growth slows, you can reduce watering to once a month. It is crucial that the potting soil dries out completely between waterings to prevent root rot. Use well-draining cactus soil and ensure the pot has drainage holes to quickly drain away excess water. data-sizes="auto" data-src="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0804/7319/4829/files/Cactus_water_geven_bda55137-9311-4d9e-bc2d-fe3344e5a291.jpg?v=1713028057" data-srcset="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0804/7319/4829/files/Cactus_water_geven_bda55137-9311-4d9e-bc2d-fe3344e5a291_1800x.jpg?v=1713028057 1800w, https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0804/7319/4829/files/Cactus_water_geven_bda55137-9311-4d9e-bc2d-fe3344e5a291_1600x.jpg?v=1713028057 1600w, https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0804/7319/4829/files/Cactus_water_geven_bda55137-9311-4d9e-bc2d-fe3344e5a291_1400x.jpg?v=1713028057 1400w, https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0804/7319/4829/files/Cactus_water_geven_bda55137-9311-4d9e-bc2d-fe3344e5a291_1200x.jpg?v=1713028057 1200w, https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0804/7319/4829/files/Cactus_water_geven_bda55137-9311-4d9e-bc2d-fe3344e5a291_1000x.jpg?v=1713028057 1000w, https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0804/7319/4829/files/Cactus_water_geven_bda55137-9311-4d9e-bc2d-fe3344e5a291_800x.jpg?v=1713028057 800w, https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0804/7319/4829/files/Cactus_water_geven_bda55137-9311-4d9e-bc2d-fe3344e5a291_600x.jpg?v=1713028057 600w, https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0804/7319/4829/files/Cactus_water_geven_bda55137-9311-4d9e-bc2d-fe3344e5a291_400x.jpg?v=1713028057 400w">

How do you know if your cactus needs water?

It is a big misconception that cacti do not need any water at all. You can easily check if your cactus needs water by touching the soil. Stick your finger about a few centimeters deep into the soil around the cactus. If the soil feels dry, the cactus needs water. Another method is to use a moisture meter inserted into the soil to measure the moisture level. In general, cacti need little water, and it is better to underwater than overwater to prevent root rot. Therefore, always wait until the soil has completely dried out before watering again. class="bloggle--empire-button bggle_button-link">Shop all Cacti

Cactus Potting Soil

The right potting soil is essential for keeping your cacti healthy. Cacti need well-draining soil that prevents their roots from standing in water for too long. Special cactus potting soil is ideal because it often contains sand, perlite, and organic material that ensure optimal drainage. If you want to make your own potting soil, you can mix regular potting soil with sand or grit to create an airy, well-draining mix. Always ensure that you plant your cacti in pots with drainage holes to quickly drain excess water and prevent root rot.


Cactus nutrition

Cacti have specific nutritional needs, and using the right type of plant food can promote their growth and flowering. Here are some important points to consider when feeding cacti:

  1. Type of fertilizer: Use a fertilizer specifically developed for cacti and succulents. These fertilizers have a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N-P-K) tailored to the needs of cacti.

  2. Dilution: Dilute the fertilizer to half or a quarter of the recommended concentration. Cacti require fewer nutrients than many other plants, so a weaker solution is usually sufficient to keep them healthy.

  3. Frequency of application: Feed cacti only during the growing season, usually in spring and summer. Avoid feeding during the dormant period in autumn and winter.

  4. Watering before application: Water your cactus before applying fertilizer to prevent the roots from being burned by the fertilizer concentration.

  5. Fertilizer selection: Choose a fertilizer specifically designed for cacti and succulents and follow the instructions on the packaging for best results.

By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your cacti receive the nutrients they need to stay healthy and thrive.



Where to place the cactus?

Cacti are quite versatile plants, but to allow them to grow and bloom optimally, it is important to choose the right spot. Here are some guidelines for placing your cactus:


Light
Cacti love plenty of light and do best in a sunny spot. Ideally, you should place your cactus on a south- or west-facing windowsill, where it receives at least a few hours of direct sunlight per day. For some species, such as the Christmas cactus, indirect light is sufficient, but most cacti need direct sunlight to thrive.


Temperature
Cacti are accustomed to warm temperatures and do well at normal room temperatures. In the summer, they can enjoy temperatures between 20-30°C. In the winter, during their dormant period, they can also tolerate lower temperatures, but it is important that they are not exposed to frost.

Humidity
Cacti thrive best in a dry environment. They are accustomed to the dry air of desert-like areas, so high humidity is not necessary. Do not place them in damp rooms such as bathrooms.

Air Circulation
Ensure good air circulation around your cactus to prevent mold problems. Do not place the cactus in an enclosed space without ventilation.

Cactus Location Tips

  • Windowsill: A south- or west-facing windowsill is ideal for most cacti.
  • Outdoors: In the summer, cacti can be placed outdoors, as long as they are protected from excessive rainfall and nighttime cold.
  • Office: Cacti are also suitable for office spaces, provided there is sufficient light. They can brighten up your workspace and are easy to maintain.

Avoid:

  • Direct draft: Do not place your cactus in a spot where it is exposed to a constant draft.
  • High humidity: Bathrooms and other damp rooms are not ideal for cacti.
  • Full shade: Avoid placing cacti in spots where they receive no direct or bright indirect light.

By placing your cactus in the right spot, you ensure that it stays healthy and can grow optimally.



How can I repot my cactus?

Repotting a cactus is an important step to keep the plant healthy and give it enough room to grow. Here are the steps to repot your cactus safely and effectively:

Cactus Repotting Supplies:

  • A new pot with drainage holes
  • Cactus or succulent potting soil
  • Gloves or a towel (to protect your hands from thorns)
  • An old spoon or trowel
  • Gravel or pebbles (optional, for extra drainage)

Cactus Repotting Step-by-Step Plan

  1. Choose the Right Time

    • Preferably repot your cactus in the spring or early summer, when the plant emerges from its dormancy period and begins to grow.

  2. Preparation of the New Pot

    • Choose a pot that is slightly larger than your cactus's current pot. Ensure the pot has drainage holes to drain excess water.
    • Add a layer of gravel or pebbles to the bottom of the pot for extra drainage, especially if you are using water-retaining potting soil.

    • Removing the Cactus from the Old Pot

      • Put on gloves or carefully wrap the cactus in a towel to protect yourself from the spines.
      • Turn the pot upside down and tap gently on the bottom to loosen the cactus. Use an old spoon or trowel to gently loosen the roots if the cactus is stuck.

    • Inspect and Clean the Roots

    • Inspect the roots of the cactus and remove any dead or rotten roots with a clean, sharp knife.
    • Let the cactus dry for a few hours to a day before placing it in the new pot. This helps any damaged roots to heal and reduces the risk of root rot.

    • Place the Cactus in the New Pot

    • Fill the new pot with a layer of cactus or succulent potting soil.
    • Place the cactus in the center of the pot and carefully fill the rest of the pot with potting soil. Ensure that the cactus stands upright and that the roots are completely covered.

  3. Pressing and Watering

  4. Gently press the potting soil around the base of the cactus to hold it firmly in place.
  5. Do not water the cactus for a few days after repotting to allow the roots to recover and adapt to the new pot. Then begin watering moderately as usual.

Cactus Repotting Tips

  • Protection: Use a piece of paper, cardboard, or a special cactus repotter to protect yourself from the spines while handling the cactus.
  • Rest period: Do not repot your cactus during its rest period in the winter, unless it is absolutely necessary.
  • Ventilation: Ensure that the cactus is placed in a well-ventilated spot after repotting to prevent mold formation.

By following these steps, you ensure that your cactus remains healthy and has enough room to grow. Good luck repotting your cactus!

Cactus Cuttings

Propagating a cactus by cutting off a healthy piece of the plant with a clean knife. Then let the cutting dry for a few days to a week in a warm, dry place so that a callus can form to prevent rot. Plant the dried cutting in a pot with well-draining cactus soil and do not water it at first; wait until roots grow, usually after a few weeks. After that, you can lightly water the cutting and place it in a bright spot to continue growing.

Read more: Cactus Cuttings


Sowing Cactus Seeds

Sowing cacti is a fun, but patient way to propagate new plants. The process begins with choosing good cactus seeds and preparing a well-draining seed starting mix, such as a mixture of cactus soil and perlite. Seeds are sown superficially, as they need light to germinate. Place the seeds in a warm, bright spot, but out of direct sunlight to prevent them from drying out. Keep the soil slightly moist, but not too wet, and be patient, as most cactus seeds need some time to germinate, often between 2 and 8 weeks. Once the seedlings are large enough, they can be carefully transplanted into a larger pot.

Why does a cactus turn brown?

A cactus can turn brown for various reasons, including too much direct sunlight, overwatering, or exposure to cold temperatures. Brown spots can indicate sunburn, which can occur if the cactus is suddenly exposed to intense sunlight. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can manifest as brown spots on the stem or the base of the cactus. Finally, brown spots can also occur in response to cold temperatures, especially if the cactus is not properly protected from frost. It is important to identify the cause of the brown spots and take appropriate measures to prevent further damage.

Why is my cactus dying?

If your cactus dies, various factors can play a role. Here are some possible reasons why your cactus might not survive:

  1. Overwatering: One of the most common causes of cactus death is overwatering. Cacti are adapted to dry conditions and do not tolerate too much water well. If the roots remain constantly wet, they can start to rot, leading to the death of the plant.

  2. Insufficient light: Cacti need plenty of bright, indirect sunlight to thrive. If your cactus does not get enough light, it may slowly die because it cannot produce enough energy through photosynthesis.

  3. Wrong potting soil: Cacti need well-draining potting soil to prevent their roots from staying wet for too long. If your cactus is in potting soil that is too heavy or too moist, this can lead to root rot and eventually the death of the plant.

  4. Temperature: Although cacti are generally quite resistant to warm temperatures, they can freeze if exposed to extreme cold. If your cactus is kept outdoors in a climate where temperatures drop below freezing, this can be fatal for the plant.

  5. Diseases and pests: Cacti can be affected by various diseases and pests, including fungal diseases, spider mites, and mealybugs. If these problems are not treated, they can affect the plant's health and eventually lead to death.

By providing the right care and conditions, such as well-drained soil, sufficient light, and moderate watering, you can reduce the chance of your cactus dying. It is also important to quickly address any problems such as overwatering or pests to maintain the plant's health.

Mealybug Cactus

Mealybugs are a common pest on cacti and can quickly cause damage if not treated in time. Here are the steps to effectively remove mealybugs:

  1. Inspect your cactus: Carefully examine your cactus for signs of mealybugs, such as white, woolly, cottony bumps often found in the leaf axils or in the roots.

  2. Remove the mealybugs manually: Use a cotton swab dipped in isopropyl alcohol (at least 70%) to remove the visible mealybugs from the cactus rub. The alcohol kills the insects and makes it easier to remove them.

  3. Treat with insecticide: If the infestation is more severe, you can use a mild insecticide that is safe for cacti, or take a biological solution such as neem oil, which is also effective against mealybugs.

  4. Rinse the cactus: After treatment, it is important to rinse the cactus thoroughly with water to remove any residue of the insecticide or alcohol.

  5. Prevention: Place your cactus in a well-drained, airy spot and avoid overwatering, as an overly humid environment increases the risk of pests. Check your plant regularly to prevent re-infestation.

With these steps, you can effectively combat mealybugs and keep your cactus healthy!

How can I get my cactus to bloom?

Getting cacti to bloom can be a challenge, but with the right care and attention, it is certainly possible to get them to flower. Here are some tips to help your cactus bloom:

  1. Provide sufficient light: Cacti need plenty of bright, direct sunlight to bloom. Ensure your cactus receives at least six hours of direct sunlight per day, preferably in the morning or afternoon.

  2. Ensure the right temperature: Most cacti need warm temperatures to bloom. Keep the temperature around 20-30°C during the day and avoid large temperature fluctuations, especially during the flowering period.

  3. Water moderately: While it is important not to let your cactus dry out, it is also important to prevent the roots from remaining constantly wet. Water your cactus regularly, but allow the soil to dry out well between waterings.

  4. Provide nutrition during the growing season: Use a fertilizer specifically developed for cacti and succulents during the growing season, usually in spring and summer. Follow the instructions on the packaging for proper application and dilution.

  5. Give the cactus a rest during the winter: Many cacti need a rest period in the winter to bloom. Reduce watering and stop fertilizing during this period to help the plant prepare for flowering in the spring.

  6. Patience: It may take some time for a cactus to bloom, so be patient and continue caring for the plant according to the proper guidelines. If you provide the right conditions, your cactus will eventually bloom and reward you with beautiful flowers.

How do you care for a small cactus?

To properly care for a small cactus, it is important to place it in a pot with good drainage and provide it with sufficient bright, indirect sunlight. Watering is minimal, with long intervals to allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Preferably use a special cactus potting mix and avoid repotting. Regular inspection for signs of pests or diseases and the removal of any dead or damaged parts of the plant are also important aspects of caring for a small cactus.

How can I keep my cactus healthy?

In addition to providing the right amount of water and light, regular inspection for signs of pests or diseases is important. Remove any dead or damaged parts of the plant and treat pests or diseases if necessary.

Even more care tips for your plants:

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